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In the early 1930s the French cavalry issued a requirement for a new tank designated as Automitrailleuse de Combat (AMC). The vehicle was built by SOMUA (Société d'Outillage Mécanique et d'Usinage d'Artillerie) and after trials it was accepted for service under the designation AMC SOMUA AC-3. Soon afterwards it was decided that the type would be adopted as the French cavalry standard vehicle being redesignated as Char S-35, the "S" standing for SOMUA and "35" the year of production, 1935.
The S-35 had a good armour, mobility and firepower, but it also had the usual French weakness in that the commander was also the loader and gunner. The hull was cast into three sections (hull floor, front superstructure and rear superstructure) bolted together. The bolts were placed just above the tops of the tracks with the vertical join between the front and rear sections near the rear of the turret. These joints were one of the weak points of the tank, as a hit on one of them was likely to split the tank wide open.
The driver was seated at the front of the hull on the left, and was provided with a hatch to his front. The radio operator was located to the right of the driver. They normally went into the tank through a door in the left side of the hull, but there was also an emergency hatch on the floor.
The turret was also of cast construction and had a maximum thickness of 56 mm. It was identical to that of the Char B1-bis. Main armament consisted of a 47 mm SA 35 gun with an elevation of +18º and a depression of -18º, the turret being traversible through 360º by an electric motor. The gun could fire both HE and AP rounds with a maximum muzzle-velocity of 670 m/s. A 7.5 mm Model 31 machine-gun was mounted co-axially to the right of the main gun. Provision was also made for mounting another 7.5 mm machine gun on the commander's cupola for use in the anti-aircraft role, but it seems this was not mounted in action.
The engine and transmission were at the rear of the hull with the engine on the left and the self-sealing petrol tank on the right. The engine compartment was separated from the fighting compartment by a fireproof bulkhead. The suspension consisted of four assemblies, each of which had four bogie wheels mounted in pairs on articulated arms these being controlled by semi-elliptic springs. The ninth bogie wheel at the rear was provided of its own spring. The idler was at the front and the drive sprocket at the rear, there was also two small return rollers.
In 1940 production of the improved model S-40 started. These had a more powerful 220hp engine and modified suspension, but few had been completed by the fall of France. Another interesting variant was the SAu-40 self-propelled gun which only existed in prototype form. It had a 75mm gun mounted on the hull to the right of the driver and a different turret.
The S-35 was also used by the Germans, designed as PzKpfw 35C 739 (f), in a variety of roles including internal security and crew training. Some saw action on the Russian front and some others were handed over to the Italians.
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