Facing the conflict in China and Korea at the end of the 1930s, the Japanese Navy was very much in need of big oilers which could refuel the forces operating on the high seas. One of the first to be built was the Tsurugizaki. When the conflict with the US was near, it was decided to transform her into a submarine tender. The ship was finished at Yokosuka in January 1939.
In 1941 the Navy High Command decided a new conversion of the Tsurugizaki and her sister ship Takazaki (later Zuiho) into small carriers. They were intended to cover the landing operations in the Pacific when the war broke out. Their superstructure was removed and a 180 m. flight deck was built. The typical island was not built, leaving the flight deck free for air operations and giving the carriers their characteristic 'flattop' profile. Bothe were finished in December that year and assigned to the First Air Fleet, Carrier Division 4. The Tsurugizaki was renamed Shoho ('Happy Phoenix').
She first, and only, saw action at the Battle of Coral Sea in May 1942 in the Japanese MO Operation. Departing from Truk on April 30, the Shoho, destroyer Sazanami and Cruiser Division 6 (Aoba, Kako, Furutaka and Kinugasa) covered the invasion forces of Port Moresby (New Guinea). The carrier launched her planes to provide air cover for the preliminary landings at Tulagi on May 3.
On May 7 she was attacked by U.S. dive and torpedo bombers from Task Force 17 (carriers Lexington and Yorktown). The carrier was hit by at least seven torpedoes and thirteen bombs in the overwhelming attack and sunk around 8:30 that morning after only 23 minutes. Only 131 survivors, including Captain Izawa Ishinosuke, were rescued by the escorting Sazanami.
The Shoho was the first Japanese carrier sunk by American forces in the Pacific war and she also took part in the first carrier battle in history. |