Exploiting the loopholes in the Washington Treaty signed in 1922, the Japanese Navy started an ambitious shipbuilding program. One of the landmarks of the program was the construction of the so-called "treaty cruisers" which officially could not exceed the limit of 10,000 tons. The Myoko series included three more cruisers (Nachi, Haguro and Ashigara) whose actual displacement was higher than the Treaty limits, but this information was not made public at the time.
The Myoko was launched in 1927 and finished in 1929 at Yokosuka Navy Yard. The ship had two refittings before the war, the first one at Sasebo in 1936 and the second at Kure just before the war broke out. At this time she was assigned with Nachi and Haguro to Cruiser Division 5. The Division left Kure on December 2 1941 to take part in Operation "M", the attack on the Southern Philippines. The Myoko and her Division protected the landings at Davao, Legaspi and Jolo the following week.
On January 4 1942, she was hit by a bomb from B-17s raiding Malalag Bay, Davao Gulf, where she was anchored. She was taken to Sasebo and drydocked for repairs until February. The repairs were finished in time for the cruiser to take part in the Battle of the Java Sea. The Myoko, Ashigara and destroyers Akebono and Izakuchi found cruiser HMS Exeter and destroyers HMS Encounter and USS Pope. All the allied ships were sunk. The Myoko returned to Sasebo for new refitting.
In May that year she participated in the Battle of Coral Sea (Operation "MO"). Vice Admiral Takeo Takagi's Cruiser Division 5 escorted Admiral Nagumo's Carrier Striking Force (Zuikaku and Shokaku) in the battle. After coming back to Japan, she took part in the Battle of Midway in Vice Admiral Kondo's Second Fleet in June. After this battle, the Division was sent to the north and supported the invasion of Attu and Kiska in the Aleutians ans stayed in the area watching an American counter-attack.
n August the Division was sent to the South Pacific still in Kondo's Second Fleet. The Myoko had an active role in Operation "KA", the reinforcement of Guadalcanal. On September 14, sailing with Rear Admiral Abe's Carrier Strike Force north of the Solomons, she suffered slight damage in an air attack from B-17 bombers. In a new sortie from Truk with the Second Fleet, the Myoko and Maya bombarded Henderson Field in Guadalcanal on the night of 16 October. At the end of the month she was present at the Battle of Santa Cruz with the Carrier Strike Force. In November she went back to Sasebo with carrier Zuikaku for repairs. In January 1943 the cruiser was again at Truk.
The following month the Myoko and her Division covered the evacuation from Guadalcanal of more than 11,000 Japanese troops in Operation "KE". In May the Myoko and Haguro were assigned to the Northern Force in response to the American invasion of Attu in the Aleutians. The Japanese High Command decided to evacuate the islands of Attu and Kiska and the cruisers covered the operation. In June both ships returned to Sasebo for new refits and modifications. They were fitted four twin Type 96 25-mm AA guns and a Type 21 air-search radar.
In November, the ship was included in Rear Admiral Omori's fleet which transported troops to oppose the American landing at Bougainville. The Japanese ships were intercepted by an American group of cruisers and destroyers commanded by Rear Admiral Aaron S. Merrill. While avoiding enemy fire, the Myoko collided with the destroyer Hatsukaze, which was finally sunk by the US ships. The rest of the Japanese force, except the light cruiser Sendai (also sunk), returned to Rabaul. That same day Rabaul was bombed by the Americans but the ships received no damage. After this war action, the Myoko came back to Sasebo once more for new modifications. Eight single-mount Type 96 25-mm AA guns were installed bringing her total suite to 24 barrels.
In 1944 Cruiser Division 5 was moved again to Singapore area escorting transport convoys. In May the Division took part in the reinforcement of Biak, but the operation was cancelled due to the American invasion of the Marianas and the US submarines which swarmed in the Java Sea. The Myoko was assigned to Vice Admiral Ozawa's Mobile Fleet in the battle for the Marianas in June but after heavy carrier aircraft losses, the Mobile Fleet retired to Kure. New refits were waiting for the Myoko there: four triple-mount and 16 single-mount 25-mm. AA were installed bringing the ship's AA suite to a total of 52 barrels. A Type 13 air-search radar and a Type 22 surface-search radar were also fitted.
In October Myoko's Division 5 took part in the Battle of Leyte Gulf in Vice Admiral Kurita's First Mobile Striking Force. The ships endured eleven American air raids from Task Force 38 carriers in the Sibuyan Sea. The Myoko was hit stardboard by a torpedo from a USS Intrepid plane. Her speed dropped to only 15 knots and she abandoned the formation escorted by a destroyer. In the following days she arrived to Singapore for repairs.
Once provisional repairs were over, the cruiser abandoned Singapore for Japan. On 13 December she was torpedoed by USS Bergall (SS-320)which set her afire. She was then towed on one engine by destroyer Ushio towards Singapore, she arrived on 25.
In January 1945 she was moored with cruiser Takao in harbour as floating AA batteries since she was considered unrepairable at Singapore and impossible to tow to Japan. Two midget British submarines attacked both cruisers with charges in July but failed. In September the Japanese garrison at Singapore surrendered to the British forces and the Myoko was towed to the Straits of Malacca and scuttled there in July 1946. |