The heavy cruiser Aoba was the first of a class of two 8,300-ton heavy cruisers. She was commissioned in September 1927, and was assigned to Fifth Squadron until 1933 and thereafter to the Sixth Squadron, serving as their flagship during much of her career. In the late 1920s and the 1930s she frequently served in Chinese waters.
Between 1938 and 1940 she was modernized at Sasebo, receiving new torpedo tubes, an enhanced anti-aircraft gun battery, improved gunfire controls and better aircraft handling facilities. Her bridge structure was rebuilt and bulges added to her hull to compensate for the associated weight increases and improve her stability. After recommissioning in October 1940, Aoba served with the Sixth Squadron of heavy cruisers with the Kinugasa, Kako and the Furutaka during its pre-World War II operations in Japanese, Chinese and central Pacific waters.
Soon after war began in December 1941, she took part in the capture of Guam, Wake and in Operation O, covering the landings in Rabaul and Kavieng. In the first months of 1942 she and her Division gave distant protection in the invasion of Lae, Salamaua and Shortland.
In May 1942 she participated in the Operation MO, the plan to invade Tulagi (Solomon Islands) and New Guinea which led to the Battle of the Coral Sea. Aoba was Rear Admiral Aritomo Goto's flagship, commander of the 6th Cruiser Division. The Division protected the landings at Tulagi and later joined the light carrier Shoho and the destroyer Sazanami on 7 May as support force of the main body in the invasion of Port Moresby. Around midday the Shoho was attacked and sunk by 93 SBD dive-bombers and TBD torpedo-bombers from carriers Yorktown and Lexington. The 6th Cruiser Division stood too far off from the Shoho to provide effective AA support. The Port Moresby convoy withdrew escorted by the Aoba and Kako.
During the Guadalcanal campaign that began in August 1942, Aoba participated in the night Battle of Savo Island (9 August). Under Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa's command, the 6th Cruiser Division and the cruisers Chokai, Tenryu, Yubari and the destroyer Yunagi engaged an American force of cruisers and destroyers in a night gun and torpedo action south of Savo Island. Aoba is hit once by enemy fire but U.S. ships are heavily damaged and three cruisers are sunk. Mikawa was unaware that Admiral Fletcher had withdrawn his carriers covering the Guadalcanal invasion. Mikawa feared an air attack the following day and ordered a retirement. Americans transports are left untouched.
In the Battle of Cape Esperance on 13 October, the Aoba and her Division escorted a reinforcement convoy to Guadalcanal, but Task Force 64's San Francisco, Salt Lake City, the light cruisers Boise, Helena and five destroyers blocked the entrance to Savo Sound. In the night combat that followed, Aoba was seriously damaged. She was hit by up to forty shells. The bridge was wrecked, the No. 2 turret was knocked out and the No. 3 turret was destroyed. Other hits put four of the Aoba's boilers off line. Rear Admiral Goto is mortally wounded and 80 other crewmen were killed. Goto died a few days later.
After repairs, Aoba returned to the south Pacific war zone in February 1943. Moored at Moewe anchorage in Kavieng, on 3 April she was bombed by a group of Boeing B-17. A direct hit on the cruiser exploded two Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedoes stored aboard and sets the ship afire. She was flooded and had to be beached to avoid sinking.The badly damaged ship was out of action until December 1943.
At Kure (Japan) she was repaired and refitted. Her No.3 turret was reinstalled replacing the triple-mount 25-mm. AA gun fitted in November-December. A Type 21 air-search radar and two Type 96 twin-mount 25-mm. AA guns were installed. Her maximum speed was reduced to 25 knots due to irrepairable engine damage. She was assigned to the East Indies area in the First Southern Expeditionary Fleet.
For the next ten months Aoba carried supplies and was maintained ready for offensive operations. She was en route to participate in the Battle of Leyte Gulf on 23 October 1944 when the U.S. submarine Bream hit one of her engine rooms with a torpedo. She took on a 13 degree list to starboard and was towed to Cavite Shipyard near Manila.
Aoba remained at Kure (Japan) for the rest of the Pacific War, being used only as a floating anti-aircraft battery. In attacks by U.S. carrier planes and Air Force bombers on 24 and 28 July 1945, she was hit several times and sunk in shallow water. Her wreck was scrapped in 1946-47. |